Effects of Competitiveness on the UK Construction Industry Literature review

Impacts of Competitiveness on the UK Construction Industry - Literature audit Example The accomplishment of an association in a given country features the significant variables that the association controls when contrasted with different associations (Jones and Saad 2003). The UK development industry appreciates different serious components that empower it to prevail in the current market. A portion of the serious elements inside the business incorporate the great authority methodologies, vital bit of leeway, showcase advantage, great promoting techniques; moreover, they have learned work force, creation advantage, present day innovation, account advantage, great organization and hazard the board advantage (Morton 2007). Impacts of intensity on the UK development industry The U.K development industry has more than 300, 000 firms, which utilizes more than 2 million people to play out a few jobs (Morton 2007). The development business epitomizes the material and items utilized in development, providers and the makers of the development material, building administrations offered by temporary workers, suppliers and installers of the administrations, constructors, sub-constructors, proficient counsels , development customers and the various associations that spend significant time in plan and building (Morton 2007). The segment represents 5 percent of the UK Gross Value Added, which is like the qualities that France, Germany and U.S contributes towards their economy (David and Male 2001). The development business in UK has practical experience in the private and nonresidential structure just as foundation. The business has a bit of leeway in light of the fact that the planners, structural designers, contractual workers and item producers are all around legitimate on the grounds that they devise cutting edge answers for fluctuated ventures inside the development business. The business has been experiencing a huge development in the foundation and business development area (Cobbold and Lawrie 2001). The UK development industry contends in a forceful wo rldwide market. The business has high creation level and its merchandise and ventures are of high caliber. This neutralizes the opposition from different ventures around the world. The development business embraces a few methodologies that empower it to expand its efficiency and quality (Benati 2004). The UK development industry grasps outstanding administration systems since it has a drawn out characterized vision. This urges the business to meet the drawn out turns of events. The initiative procedure likewise empowers the business to contend in the market in light of the fact that the business gives space for progress, setback and learning. The UK development industry keeps up a proper learning condition since it permits individuals to gain from blunders (Evers and Gerke 2008). This sets up a structure for the business to enhance their turns of events; subsequently, diminishing the chance of disappointment. The initiative group inside the business features their desires for them t o screen and recognize whether they are skillful enough to meet the set targets. Also, the initiative group devises successful dynamic techniques, which are imperative in the structure and support of upper hand. The business has a various supervisory crew with various abilities; consequently, boosting their creation. The administration group has great relational abilities, which empowers them to manufacture the drawn out relationship and advance their operational profitability (Great

Globalization and Its Affects Free Essays

Globalization is the way toward developing mix of economies and social orders the world over. It alludes to financial globalization throughâ trade,â foreign direct venture, capital flows,â migration and the spread of innovation. The rule of globalization is free markets, decrease of boundaries in trading and exchanging goods,â which makesâ the specialization in send out import. We will compose a custom exposition test on Globalization and Its Affects or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now In any case, globalization has not just positive, butâ alsoâ negativeâ effects. Firstly,â itâ isâ necessary to make reference to that globalizationâ makesâ our societyâ develop. It serves to shareâ thoughts and developments. Globalizationâ has anâ impact on financial development on the planet. An effect of Foreign Direct Investment on monetary development has had a positive development impact in well off nations andâ has prompted an increaseâ in exchange bringing about higher development rates. Then again, numerous organizations from created nations redistributed their assembling to purported underdeveloped nations, whereâ the labourâ costs areâ low. Laborers from created nations areâ not glad about that, since they feel thatâ their employments areâ taken from them. Another issue of globalization and redistributing is that it energizes servitude and youngster work. Moreover, Iâ wouldâ â like to include that individuals become increasingly social when thereâ areâ no outskirts between nations. They can move uninhibitedly from state to state, share their thoughts and convictions. In regular day to day existence we feel an effect of globalization as weâ canâ enjoy outside foods, music, workmanship, films or even learn unknown dialects. Be that as it may, globalizationâ causesâ â huge harm to national culture, in light of the fact that weâ are extraordinarily affected byâ more created nations and we cannotâ resist it. Itâ isâ knownâ that globalization is tied in with sharing oddities. Medication and wellbeing careâ areâ improving constantly. Globalization helps specialists and researchers from everywhere throughout the world offer thoughts and even work together soâ thatâ they can arrive at better outcomes and make new revelations. In any case, globalizationâ is thought to have added to theâ spreadâ ofâ diseases, particularly AIDS. At the point when it showed up in the USA, it was known just in some African states. Inferable from the processâ of globalization and colonization,â itâ hasâ spread in the entire world. On balance, globalization is spreading quickly inâ contemporaryâ world. It improves economicâ tiesâ between nations and serves to sans createâ aâ barrier exchanging framework. In spite of the fact that itâ has beneficialâ influenceâ onâ economy, globalization makesâ an adverseâ impact on culture and customs. Instructions to refer to Globalization and Its Affects, Papers

Issue Of Preferential Hiring Essays - Social Inequality,

Issue Of Preferential Hiring Issue of Preferential Hiring Lately special recruiting has become an issue of incredible intrigue. Particular employing, which was concocted to make congruity between the various races and genders, has isolated the lines considerably more. Supporters on the two sides appear to be fixed in their positions and regularly decline to tune in to the next gathering's foundation. In this exposition, the beneficiaries of special recruiting will be either dark or female, and the situation being referred to will be a residency on the college level. The hirings being referred to are cases that include a few competitors, all generally equivalent in their capabilities (counting experience, instruction, relationship building abilities, and so forth.), with the main distinction being race or potentially sex. What we have here is an instance of foreordained inclination. The two applicants being referred to are equivalent in all manners, aside from race. The dark candidate is chosen, not due to aptitudes or capabilities (all thin gs considered the white man would have given a similar outcome), yet for his skin shading. This is by all accounts conspicuous segregation, yet many trust it is advocated. Some vibe retaliation for a considerable length of time of separation is reason enough, yet that issue will be talked about later. To start with, lets center around why this isn't an answer for making a fair-minded society. Martin Luther King Jr. had a fantasy: I have a fantasy that my four little youngsters will one day live in a country where they won't be decided by the shade of their skin, yet by the substance of their character. He wanted a world without segregation, without partiality, and without generalizations. The basic exercise long stretches of segregation ought to have instructed is that to give anybody inclination dependent on skin shading, sex, or strict convictions is, in single word, wrong. As Martin Luther King Jr. expressed, judgment dependent on skin shading must not exist. All special employing does is keep decisions dependent on destroy shading. Race and sex ought not be issues in the present society, yet special recruiting keeps on making these elements issues by regarding minorities as a gathering as opposed to as people. All the more critically special employing may really fuel, instead of smother, sentiments of racial antagonistic vibe. Applying the idea of particular recruitin g to another circumstance may help clarify its inadequacies. A gathering of white men and a gathering of dark men both show up at a café simultaneously and just one table is free. The headwaiter can just situate one gathering and should settle on a choice. As indicated by special employing hypothesis it is important to situate the dark party first, since verifiably blacks have been victimized when situated in eateries. In another circumstance, a white man and a dark man are both equidistant from the keep going seat on the transport. The two men are a similar age, have no clinical issues, and are equivalent in all ways aside from skin shading. Should the dark man get the seat since in the past dark men have been victimized? We could proceed with this training for a few centuries before the obligation we owe for denying blacks of a seat on the transport would be paid. Maybe these models are invalid. One might say that employments are an alternate issue. They help characterize societa l position and give financial prosperity. They may even lift self-assurance, something that separation has taken. Two focuses must be considered before moving any further. To begin with, blacks may gain better from a dark, and ladies may gain better from a lady. Second, recruiting ladies and blacks will give good examples to other people. The primary point Thomson rapidly yields as prone to be bogus. Conversation about the subsequent point anyway is required, and will, in actuality, serve to discredit the primary point too. Initially, lets make a character, Bill. Bill is terribly overweight and ugly. Studies have indicated that numerous businesses segregate (regardless of whether subliminally or not), against both overweight and ugly people. Tragically for Bill, he fits into the two classifications. His failure to find work intelligent of his capacities, combined with long periods of open embarrassment through jokes made to his detriment, has decimated his confidence. This has made him acknowledge as truth the thought that he will always be unable to arrive at his objectives. Few

What are the roles of the female deities in Hinduism - Free Essay Example

Rationale and Preliminary Research The Hindu faith is one of many, such as Buddhism, that acknowledge and worship female deities. The Hindu deities have distinct and complex personalities, yet they are often viewed as aspects of the same Ultimate Reality called Brahman. It has been said that there are more than 330 million deities in Hinduism, therefore in some ways Hinduism is a polytheistic religion. However, calling Hinduism a polytheistic religion with an unknown and unnamed number of gods would be incorrect. Many Hindus view the religion as monotheistic with only one supreme being who is formless and impersonal. All other gods and goddesses are simply manifestations of Brahman. These different deities provide guidance and help with many different aspects of everyday life. The Trimurti, similar to Christianity, is seeing the gods as three different divine figures. They are Shiva (the destroyer), Vishnu (the preserver), and Brahma (the creator of all reality). Male deities are more commonly worshiped due to the patriarchal society in India. Female deities are said to be the other half of the male deities but are not as heavily worshiped. It is the object of this paper to address the question, what are the roles of the female deities in Hinduism?. Worship of male deities more than female deities is partially due to the patriarchal society of India as well as the portrayal of the female deities powers. Hinduism is heavily influenced by the society as a whole, reflecting the views of the culture. Therefore, the roles that the female deities hold are a reflection on how the society views women as a whole. For my research, I consulted papers, lectures, and interviews regarding the role of female deities and women in Hinduism. Sources consulted include the lectures from the Great Courses Lecture Series by Professor Mark W. Muesse, Rhodes College, which provide information on the roles of the Goddesses and her Devotees. It gives a view of how the female deities are perceived in the Indian culture, as well as the roles they take. To understand how female deities, impact the everyday life of a Hindu, I interviewed Mutherjee Subir. I also referenced a paper by Susan Wadley on Women and the Hindu Tradition that explores the degeneration of womens treatment in Hindu history. I will also be using the Hindu law books, such as the Dharma-Sastras and the Laws of Manu to further my knowledge and understanding of the patriarchal society of India. I will see how the Indian society dictates the roles of the female deities. This will help me understand why the roles of the female deities are so differ ent compared to the roles of male deities. Plan for Study What are the roles of the female deities in Hinduism? In order to address this question, roles of women in the patriarchal society of India will be addressed in order to explain the role that female deities play in the Hindu culture. Historical background of female deities will be explored through the lectures from Professor Mark W. Muesse. They explain the basic role that female deities take in the everyday life and who the first followers were. He explains why they are given certain attributes and what they mean. Prevalent explanations for the roles that female deities have include society clashing with religion, traditional Hindu cultural values, and traditional female roles in the house and workplace. Using the works from authors, followers of Hindu, and scholars with knowledge about the female deities, an analysis of the significance of these sources information in relation to my research question will be explored. In the critical reflection and evaluation section, the most credible explanation or combination of explanations will b e sought. If this can not be determined, this will be stated. The interview, book, and lecture will all be used to acquire information, additionally an interview will be conducted with Suchir Mukherjee for insight into the role of the female deities in the everyday life of a Hindu and the role they play in religious life, specifically worship. Summary of Findings The function of deities in Hinduism is to give a basis for information for everyday actions and occurrences. They also provide reasoning for creation, destruction, and protection of the world. The male deities are of greater importance due to the roles that they have. Professor Mark. W Muesse write, Female deities are referred to as the goddess because all goddesses are a manifestation of the Devi or Mahadevi (Lecturer Eleven). Female deities are given more strict and negative descriptions, due to the nature of Indian society. The earliest recorded instances of treatment of women is in the Rig Veda .Vedic society was patriarchal and emphasized the birth of a boy over that of a girl (Klostermaier 311). Nonetheless, women were educated alongside men, so they could participate in religious activities (Klostermaier 311). Women were not only granted the same religious rights as men but were also imperative for proper completion of rites and rituals (Klostermaier 312). Interestingly, men were not considered spiritually whole without a wife (Klostermaier 312). Similarities between the female deities and women can be seen through the relationship that they have with the male deities and husbands. The men are not seen as spiritually whole without a wife, that is why the deities can be seen with female counterparts, in order to inspire normal men to have a wife. This may lead men to become married in order to become like the male deities and be spiritually whole. Although Vedic society gives women some rights, Smriti texts such as Laws of Manu show a degradation of womens status in society . With Manu qualities Manu gave women, the correlation between women and the female deities is very clear. Susan Wadley writes about the goddess Laksmi and her ability to build and destroy homes. Many of the female deities are given destructive qualities. The worship of goddesses were and are still associated with the outbreak of epidemics in India. This gives reasoning for the cruel and destructive nature that the female deities have. Worship to the female deities become more prevalent in time of extreme epidemics because many believe that they have more power to protect. In everyday life, female deities do not play a huge role. They are not as heavily worshiped. Suchir Mukherjee says, Male deities are more commonly worshiped due to the roles they are given and hold.

Essay about Human Nature in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson The idea of winning a lottery is associated with luck, happiness and anticipation of good things. In Shirley Jacksons story, The Lottery, this is not the case. The irony of the story is that the winner of the lottery gets stoned to death by everyone else in the town. The story is very effective because it examines certain aspects of human nature. One aspect of human nature that is examined, and that adds to the effectiveness of the story, is mans tendency to resist change. This is shown in more than one way. The first way is the way some villagers tolerate the lottery even though they know it is wrong, and it serves no purpose. They talk about how other towns have already stopped having†¦show more content†¦Another aspect of human nature that we see in the story, and that adds to the effectiveness of the story, is the ability of man to hide his fear by joking about danger. When Mrs. Hutchinson arrives late, her husband jokes about getting along without her, and she jokes back about leaving dishes in the sink. The whole town laughs. They must joke because someone they know will die very soon, and they have to cover their fear. This adds to the effectiveness of the story because we have all seen people act this way. The next aspect of human nature that the author looks at, and that adds to the effectiveness of the story, is denial. As soon as her husband has drawn the black dot, Mrs. Hutchinson begins to complain that her husband wasnt given enough time to choose. She was content to allow someone else to die, but when it was going to be someone in her family she began to complain about procedure. This is something almost everyone would do. Denial is typical of humans, and the author uses it to make the story more effective. The crowd mentality is another facet of human nature that we see in the story, and that adds to the potency of the story. In a crowd the stoning can be justified by each person present because they can tell themselves that they didnt kill Mrs. Hutchinson. They only threw one or two rocks. Everyone else killed her. This kind of phenomenon accounts for deaths in BritishShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson. 1. Focus/Thesis For Your885 Words   |  4 PagesTHE LOTTERY by Shirley Jackson 1. Focus/thesis for your essay on the story you are researching The traditions and the rituals of the lottery authored by Shirley Jackson seems to be just as old as the town itself, more so since most residents don’t actually recall any of the old rituals, ven the Old Man Warner, who celebrates his 77th lottery. This implies that they are archaic in some ways and they are rooted in the traditions and superstitions that seem to include the crops and the human sacrificeRead MoreHuman Corruption Of Human Nature1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Corruption in â€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a classic short story in U.S literature. Written in 1948, the short story has been published in multiple languages around the world. It is still a required reading in U.S today. The story was later adapted into both a TV short and a play (â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Bio†). Jackson uses irony and symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† to show the corruption of human nature. The story opens up on a clear June day. It continues to describe an ominousRead MoreThe Lottery Literary Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pageswarmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (Jackson). In this first sentence of the The Lottery Shirley Jackson establishes a pleasant illusion, creating a sense of serenity. Jackson proceeds to mention that children begin to gather in the village, frolicing and conversing about school. The initial scene and satirically labeled title, The Lottery, provide a somewhat satisfying first impression to the reader. The introductory scene is eminent toRead MoreThe Lottery Shirley Jackson Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the story conducts a â€Å"lottery† that involves the families of the town to go into a drawing. Once the drawing is done, the winner of the lottery is used as a sacrifice in the town and is pelted by stones throw n from the community, including children. Furthermore, the basis of â€Å"The Lottery† has to do with psychological problems and influence. Psychoanalysis is built upon Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychology, which asserts that the human mind is affected by theirRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1391 Words   |  6 Pages126 April 6, 2016 â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson â€Å"The Lottery† introduces the reader to a cruel ritual of the village where people gather together to participate in the annual elimination of a random villager. Superficially friendly mood in the town at the beginning of the story was replaced by hostile and violent human behavior at the end. Warm and sunny summer morning did not represent happiness; instead, it representedRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrific edRead More Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Evils of Society Exposed858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evils of Society Exposed in The Lottery  Ã‚   In Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery, what appears to be an ordinary day in a small town takes an evil turn when a woman is stoned to death after winning the town lottery. The lottery in this story reflects an old tradition of sacrificing a scapegoat in order to encourage the growth of crops. But this story is not about the past, for through the actions of the town, Jackson shows us many of the social ills that exist in our own lives. In today’sRead MorePsychoanalytic Criticism Of The Lottery999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the story begins on a sunny day that imposes gossip and frenzy around the town. In this location, they conduct a â€Å"lottery† that involves the families of the town to go into a drawing. Once the drawing is done, the family that is chosen is forced to commence into another lottery between themselves. The winner of the lottery is used as a sacrifice for the town and is pelted by stones thrown from the community, including children. Furthermore, the basis of â€Å"The Lottery†Read MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery†, a short story by Shirley Jackson reflects humans deepest nature on tradition. Jackson uses routines as a way of illustrating the festival like qualities of the annual lottery. The setting of vibrant colors in the short story conveys a peaceful tone.The character s are portrayed as loving and caring. The ideas of a festival like a lottery, a homey setting and, the peoples actions all help develop the bigger idea. The people and tradition Shirley Jackson in her short story the â€Å"TheRead MoreAnalysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay776 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† is a short story by Shirley Jackson, first published on June 26, 1948. The story was initially met with negative critical reception due to its violent nature and portrayal of the potentially dangerous nature of human society. It was even banned in some countries. However, â€Å"The Lottery† is now widely accepted as a classic American short story and is used in classrooms throughout the country. Jackson’s story takes a critical look at what can result when the customs and laws that govern

Development Plan For The Professional And The Academic Field

Development Needs Analysis Introduction Why a development planning is important to a learner who wants to succeed in the professional and the academic field? A development plan is defined as a structured and supported process commenced by learners to consider their own learning, performance and achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development. In another words, a development plan is an inclusive process, which is opened to all learners, in all higher education provision settings, and at all levels. An effective development plan can improve the ability of learners to re-examine, arrange and take responsibility for our learning and to understand what and how we learn. A development plan helps learners to†¦show more content†¦My goals Setting goals is very important for personal development, by limiting my prospect to one to three goals, it allows me to be more concentrate on the specific objectives that I believe will benefit my future career and my academic achievement. For the time being, there could be three types of goals to be set. First of all, the strategic goals, I am aiming to obtain a master degree or receive a higher education qualification in order to improve my competitive edge for my future career development. I will need to start a career in the future so as to support and requite my family with my academic and achievement work accomplishment. I wish to start my career with an established company where my knowledge and academic expertise can be fully put to use. Second goal is the operational goal which is that I have resolved to take action in studying the academic program I have applied, and make sure that I can complete it no

Introduction to Management Semco Company

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Managementfor Semco Company. Answer: Introduction The study focuses on the change management aspects of Semco. Semco is a company that deals with industrial machine manufacturing in Brazil. In 1950s, the company has come into existence. However, in 1980s, the recession has prevailed at that time. The different types of hierarchical structure are the main characteristics of the organizational structure of the organizations at that period. The hierarchical management structure is characterised by patriarchal structure of leadership. They have different types of regulations that are the cause of creation of many problems within the organization. The problems are mitigated by the owner of the company i.e. Richard Semler to the different stages of business operations within the company itself. The transformation of the hierarchical structure with the implementation of the different attributes and strategies are responsible for a substantial change in the organization itself. The study will point out different risks taken by Semler in ord er to implement different strategies of changing the nature of the workforce along with increase of productivity. It will increase the global competitive environment along with the different types of changes in the leadership style of the company. Transformational Plan It can be said that to implement the transformational plan within the organization, different types of activities of participative leadership is implemented at the different levels of operational department in the company. The new organization structure that is proposed by Semler has reduced the levels of hierarchy from 7 to 3. There are no middle level managers. The workers of the organizations are divided into different departments or groups. It is seen that the current organizational structure is simple and simpler in nature. Previously, due to presence of many hierarchies employees are not comfortable to communicate with the senior management due to lack of communication (Moriano et al., 2014). Hence, the problems between the workers remain the same. In the previous organizational structure, the junior executives face many issues in the organization in the perspective of competitive environment both within and outside the company. It is the reason of implementation of the radical change in the form of culture and it is based on trust. The liberal approach and the rich organizational culture are responsible for the acceptance of the change (Strom et al., 2014). The work culture of the company is rich to accept the proposed change by Semler in the organizational perspectives. In the new form of transformational plan, the different levels of employees are provided with power of taking decisions and overseeing the process of work they are associated with. The workers are divided into groups where the powers remains the same and the responsibility of the employees (Birasnav, 2014). The success of the strategy of transformation is responsible for the culture practiced in the different levels of operation in the organization. The uniqueness of the culture of work is responsible for improving the skills of the workers in their particular field of work. The success of the plan is depended on the different aspects of the workers of the organization as they are given the power of decision making along with the increment of salary and other compensation to them (Girma 2016). The factors that are responsible for determining the success of the transformational plan are management style, nature of work, group dynamic, interpersonal relationships, etc. Apart from that, other factors of motivation, economic factors, social factors, leadership factors, and democratic processes are responsible for the success of the transformational plan. It can be said that, one group of people are underpinning the values of the new transformational plan, on the other hand, one group of peo ple felt that they do not have the required level of importance from the different workers of junior level from the different types of Semco (Saleem et al., 2015). The middle level employees on the long run are not accepting the different changes in the organizational structure and the transformational plan of Semler, as they are not being benefitted in their particular designation of work. Hence, it can be said that the some of the mid level managers will not universally accept the transformational plan proposed by Semler within the operational department of the organization (Lam et al., 2015). Main Changes at Semco The situation before the implementation of the transformational plan was different, as the nature of the structure of the organization was different. It is rigid and patriarchal in nature. Many hierarchies are responsible for reaching to the actual problem faced by different employees at different operational departments. The senior management of the company is unable to reach to the base level of the problems of the employees as well as the organization (Maslow, 2013). Focusing on the problems and issues faced by the organization in terms of productivity of the organization and the employees and the employee relations, the initiatives of change management have been implemented in the aspect of improving employee relations, leadership structure and improved organizational structure (Healy, 2016). After implementation of the participative leadership strategies, transformational plan and working in groups is responsible for creating numerous changes within the organization. The changes are positive in nature and are considered for bringing the expected results except some risks and hindrances that are common in the case of implementation of change management strategies. The changes include group cohesiveness, increased productivity, self motivation, innovation, increased social factors, increased communication, concrete decision making of the company, improved work culture, improved employee relations, increased motivation of the employees, etc (Kaur, 2013). The radical transformational strategy is responsible for creating transformation among the minds of the employees of the organization at different organizational levels and operational departments. The new implemented organizational structure and the participative leadership strategies are responsible for increased the motivation of the different employees especially the junior level employees of the organization (Smith and Shields, 2013). In this case, the Maslows theory of motivation has worked properly. Maslows hierarchy of needs consists of few stages that satisfy the needs of a human being both in terms of personal and professional life. However, it can be said that both the personal and professional life are interrelated with each other in terms of motivation. Hierarchy of needs consists of physiological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, self-esteem needs, and self actualization needs (Band et al., 2016). Apart from that, there are other theoretical frameworks of motivation , that can be perfectly implemented while explaining the situation faced by Semco in terms of improving the productivity of the company as well as the different levels of employees. The perfect theory of motivation that can be implemented in this situation is Herzbergs two-factor theory of motivation. The two factor theory is categorised into two sections such as hygiene factors and motivational factors. Hygiene factors include different type of factors that can motivate employees in order to perform their work such as administrative policies and administrative policies, pay, fringe benefits, status, physical working conditions, job security, interpersonal relations, etc. However, it can be said that the hygiene factors are not actually considered as the motivators as the motivational factors itself is responsible for creation of a satisfaction in the minds of the people. The motivational factors include recognition, promotional and growth opportunities, sense of achievement, respon sibility, recognition, meaningfulness of work, etc. It can be said that the changed strategies are responsible for implementing all these factors in the organizational structure and the HR policies of the organization (Pinder, 2014). However, it can be point out that the changed things that Semco has started implementing are actually improving the motivation of the employees of the organization. Possible Sources of Tension Tension is related to the concept of conflict. Conflict is a common aspect whenever an organization is going on the phase of change. The people who are associated with the change and different types of other HR related strategies for employee relations and compensations must face the hindrances from different employees. It is the capability and responsibility of the different managers associated with the post of strategic management and human resource department to look after the benefit and problems faced by the employees in the process of change management (Fernando and Moore, 2015). In this context also tension or conflicts are have been arise. It can be said that the managers of the organization itself cause the tensions. It is impossible for an organization or a specific department of the organization to satisfy the needs and expectations of every employee properly. For instance, the senior management of the company cannot check or keep in track of the problems faced by every em ployee especially at junior level of the organization. It has occurred due to the rigid hierarchical structure of the organization. It is the reason of creation of a communication gap. However, the founder of the organization has pointed out the fact and has taken the initiative to change the organizational structure within the different departments of the company (Pinder, 2014). It is pointed out the fact that the newly changed organizational structure is responsible for creation of tension or conflict among the managers and executives of different levels of operations. The tension that has been created is due to the radical change of the transformational plan and the organizational structure that has been implemented. The new organizational structure is found to have immense new opportunities for the growth of the employees and companies as a whole. The theoretical frameworks that can be implemented in this context are bureaucratic organizations and adaptive organizations. It can be said that the earlier when the organization had hierarchical structure has the characteristics of a bureaucratic organizations (Kaur, 2013). The characteristics of a bureaucratic organization structure are authority is centralised, procedures and rules are many, span of control is narrow, tasks are specialised, task forces and teams are few, and coordination is impersonal and formal. On the contrary, it can be said that the new organization structure is adaptive and has the opposite characteristics of the bureaucratic organization structure. Apart from having many opportunities, the authority is decentralises along with few rules that is the reason of conflict between the middle level employees of the organization. They think that their importance and the seniority is undermined and hence they are raising the tension in the implementation of the new organizational structure that is neither hierarchical nor matrix. Moreover, the coordination is informal and personal which are not up to the mark of the different operational departments in the company (Bednarz, 2013). It can be said that there are pros and cons related to the approach implemented by the company that results into tensions and conflicts. Risks taken by Semler While implementing the new organization structure Semler has taken many risks to the employees. There are ethical practices and sustainable practices that every business has to maintain while doing business in a particular country. Some rules and regulations are to be maintained for running the business in a sound manner. The new structure does not follow any type of regulations. Many risks are prevalent in the new structure. The risks are transparency in terms of salaries, providing responsibilities to the employees in setting their working hours, democratic selection of the workers in a particular designation. These are the potential risks that can be pointed out in the current structure and the it can be improved if all the employees are eager to take a joint effort in resolving the issues. It can be seen that few employees are taking advantage of the excess freedom and are taking advantage of it (Crane and Matten, 2016). The collaborative effort of the company in forming teams that will control the advantage and work of the team may solve the problem of getting too much liberal in formulating salaries and working hours. Apart from that, the team of engineers that the organization has created for innovation is a good effort in order to check the actual work of the company in terms of growth and development of business expansion in the market. The innovation team along with the team of control will help in keeping in track of the employees who are at work (Koslowski, 2013). Conclusion The study reflects various strategies regarding to implementation of different strategies regarding to organizational structure and the other human resource processes that are essential for the success of the transformational plan. The different types of changes that the company is facing in terms of productivity of the organization and the employees are responsible for mitigating the problems that was present when the hierarchical organizational structure was prevalent in the different levels of the operational department of Semco. There are different kinds of motivators that have been playing as a crucial factor for the successful implementation of the strategies of change management. Change management is a big aspect that encompasses many factors such as hindrances and resistances and implementation problems. Innovation and freedom of working act as a self-motivator for most of the employees. Theoretically and practically it is proved that employees provided with freedom and respo nsibilities usually work more compared to employees who are not provided much freedom in their scope of work. The employers thought themselves as stakeholders of the company and work in their field of work with freedom and dignity. References Band, G., Shah, N.V., Sriram, R. and Appliances, E., 2016. Herzberg Two Factor Theory among the Management Faculty in Nagpur City. InInternational Conference on Management and Information Systems September(Vol. 23, p. 24). Bednarz, T.F., 2013. Ethics in Business.Practical Ethics for Food Professionals: Ethics in Research, Education and the Workplace, pp.75-91. Birasnav, M., 2014. Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1622-1629. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Fernando, M. and Moore, G., 2015. MacIntyrean virtue ethics in business: A cross-cultural comparison.Journal of business ethics,132(1), pp.185-202. Girma, S., 2016. The relationship between leadership style, job satisfaction and culture of the organization.IJAR,2(4), pp.35-45. Healy, K., 2016. A Theory of Human Motivation by Abraham H. Maslowreflection.The British Journal of Psychiatry,208(4), pp.313-313. Kaur, A., 2013. Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(10), pp.1061-1064. Lam, C.K., Huang, X. and Chan, S.C., 2015. The threshold effect of participative leadership and the role of leader information sharing.Academy of Management Journal,58(3), pp.836-855. Maslow, A.H., 2013.A theory of human motivation. Simon and Schuster. Moriano, J.A., Molero, F., Topa, G. and Mangin, J.P.L., 2014. The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,10(1), pp.103-119. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Saleem, M.A., us Saqib, N. and Zahra, S., 2015. Impact of job engagement and team processes on organizational learning: examining moderating role of leadership style.Studies,4(1). Smith, D.B. and Shields, J., 2013. Factors related to social service workers' job satisfaction: Revisiting Herzberg's motivation to work.Administration in Social Work,37(2), pp.189-198. Strom, D.L., Sears, K.L. and Kelly, K.M., 2014. Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), pp.71-82.

Take A Step Back And LISTEN UP free essay sample

If you dont want to read a rant, you might want to stop now. This is a subject I cant write about without a whole lot of emotions. You have been warned. People really annoy me when they Just dont listen. Its so frustrating. Its ether I dont speak English or my words are Just going In through one ear and out the other. In conversations, I give people my time and ask them lots of questions but get nothing back In return. Conversations should be fair, with equal amounts of talking time.Thats all Im asking for. It makes my blood boll when Im Ignored. It makes me cringe Inside In a weird way. Listening Isnt a skill that gets taught, but maybe It should. When I was In primary school, we had It right. The class would sit In a huge circle on the carpet and you could only talk If you were holding the teddy. We will write a custom essay sample on Take A Step Back And LISTEN UP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was great! We learnt how to take turns talking, and most Importantly, take turns listening. I wish we could bring the teddy rule back In.Im the kind of person who asks a lot of questions. I try my best to focus fully on whats being said. I think its got a lot to do with the world we live in. Social networking has taken the effort out of socializing with each other were locked away in our bedrooms, waiting or our news feeds to update. Its making us lazy. Okay, I totally understand if your cousins live in Australia but I feel these websites are not helping us socialize in person. They encourage people to be self-obsessed.With your own profile, your life is on show. People begin to compare themselves with each other and it becomes a fight for attention. Our lifestyles arent helping us be good listeners. There are times when people have troubles and they need someone to talk to Well, actually they need someone to listen. And yet some people will still find a way to make it about themselves. Oh, that happened to me too. .. Etc. But sometimes you have to remember its not always about you! So Just listen and be approachable.Your friend will feel betrayed if you start blaring on about yourself. Its all about resisting the impulse to act on your normal responses and take a step back, for the other persons sake Lets bring back equality in conversation. If you blurt out whatever is on your mind then give others the chance to talk about themselves too. Treat people the way you want to be treated. So next time youre with your friend try not to put your opinion , lust sit there and listen it well mean a whole lot to them.

Truth Is Absolute Not Relative Essay Essays

Truth Is Absolute Not Relative Essay Essays Truth Is Absolute Not Relative Essay Paper Truth Is Absolute Not Relative Essay Paper Background of the Topic: Many people presents seek for â€Å"THE TRUTH† . I searched up the cyberspace and Google gave me 611 million replies in merely a quart of a 2nd. As top reply Google gave me this definition from wisegeek. com. â€Å"An absolute truth. sometimes called a cosmopolitan truth. is an inalterable and lasting fact. The construct of absolute truths – what they are and whether they exist – has been debated among many different groups of people. Philosophers have waded in the sludge of specifying absolute truth for millenary. For illustration. Plato believed that absolute truth existed. but that truth on Earth was simply a shadow of great signifiers of absolute truth bing in the existence which is now normally called â€Å"universals† . Alternatively. many believe in comparative truths. where facts may change depending on the fortunes. † Simply set. WHAT’S TRUE TO ME MAY NOT BE TRUE TO YOU. It is nevertheless hard to confute the construct of absolute truth. since stating that there are no absolute truths – that it is perfectly true that no absolute truth exists – is itself an absolute truth. † Relationship of the Topic- Main: It will assist us to cognize and acknowledge the cardinal footing of truth. To me: I steadfastly believe on absolute truth unlike others. I believe in the absolute truth of the Bible and God as its ultimate beginning. To the society: Life in a society sharing the same land that there is an being of absolute truth would eliminate most of today’s arguments on non-significant yet fascinating jobs. Besides. there is the demand of a certain and common cardinal footing of the starkness of truth and from whence it come Forth. Problem: Many of us were blinded about what is truth and a batch of us have different questions sing what is the existent significance of truth whether it is absolute or comparative. Definition of the subject: There are a few things that we all agree are perfectly true. but they depend upon an understanding in definition. ABSOULTE Truth: Truth is discovered non invented Truth is transcultural: it can be conveyed across different civilizations. Truth is unchanging: it can be conveyed across clip. Beliefs can non alter a truth statement no affair how sincere one may be Truth is unaffected by the attitude of the one profession it All Truthsare absolute Truth is cognizableIn order for truth to be absolute and keeping these qualities. it must be grounded in a beginning that is personal. unchanging. and crowned head over all creative activity. Relative Truth: Truth is created non discovered. Truth is a affair of position and each civilization or single defines for themselves what truth is. Since truth is invented. there is no cosmopolitan transcultural truth. Each civilization or person will specify truth otherwise harmonizing to their background and position. Truth alterations since it is inseparably connected to persons and civilizations which continually change truth perpetually to alterations. Since truth is a affair of a group or individual’s position. one’s beliefs can alter a truth statement. Since an single determines truth. truth is affected by the attitude of the one profession it. There can be no such thing as absolute truth. Absolute truth is non cognizable. Absolute and nonsubjective truth can non be known since it is built on the switching foundation of man’s perceptual experiences. As each individual’s perceptual experience is different. truth can non be known. Mentions: Bible and Blogs specifically the Truth Project

Real Estate Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Real Estate Investment - Essay Example Once the situation changes the other way (as it always does), the higher rates of interest in Italy will become predominant & the boom in real estate may receive a setback. There are also several instances wherein the seller turns out to be a fraud, who goes absconding after having got the reservation money. The situation is particularly precarious in the case of costly deals where 20-30% amounts to a large amount of money. Therefore, proper verification of the credentials of the other party is a must in order to thwart such occurrences. It is absolutely true to say that a dollar invested today would have an enhanced worth say three years down the line. But, this case is true provided other factors remain fairly constant. For example, if the political situation or the law & order scenario of an area is not alright or gets worse at any time between these years, then concerns among the buyers or financiers would ultimately work towards the education in the value of the property. In worse cases, the property may become useless such as I the instance of war or ethnic strife. As Italy has been a fairly peaceful nation, this fear is not supposed to dampen the spirits of investors. But nevertheless, one must always take this aspect into consideration at the time of investment planning.The interest rates in Italy hover in the range of around 2%, which is a bit more than that in the US. Therefore, it is advised that anyone desirous of seeking a mortgage especially for costlier properties, conduct an efficient forecast abut h is/her repayment options in order to avoid problems in the future. In spite of the boom in real estate in Italy, homeowners generally buy their property as something to live in rather than regard it as a form of investment. Therefore, when the need arises for selling that property especially after long periods of stay, the property value is set to fetch much lesser than the prevailing market due to any factors such as the age of the property, the amount of wear & tear, the forecast of the repairing costs that need to be undertaken by the buyer in advance etc. Another major disadvantage of investing in homes in Italy is that the majority of the mortgages are based on variable rates and as such, these interest rates keep changing fro area to area or company to company in particular. Therefore, the buyer may end up paying more while seeking a mortgage loan fro one company while there could be others offering it at reduced rates. Thus, this calls for a sense of responsibility on the part of the buyer to have an idea of the interest rates charged by the different mortgage companies. There is also an increasing trend towards direct purchasing through the phone or Internet. There have been instances in the past wherein investors have been duped by phony agents who pose as the real owners of a property or act as mediators. The reason has been attributed to the fault on the part of the investor to verify the authenticity of the property or it sellers. In most cases, the investor does not even inspect the site that is proposed to be purchased. The only solution is to verify the property & its seller either by himself or through trusted representatives, usually one's lawyers.In the case of a seller or in case the

Enron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Enron - Essay Example Enron also promoted a corporate culture of callousness when it arbitrarily ranked half of its employees as non-performer which it will eventually fire. The other half remaining may have remained in the company but adopted a corporate value system that is virulently greedy and fraudulent as promoted and reinforced by its leadership through its performance appraisals. What could Enron have done was to objectively reflect the value of its asset liability instead of misrepresenting them that provides the impression that the company was performing well when it was not. Also, Enron should have promoted a culture of excellence and integrity among its employees to continuously look for ways to improve instead of promoting the culture of greed. Arthur Andersen as an auditing should have maintained their objectivity and did not become a management consultant to Enron because that would construe as a conflict of interest. When it learned of Enron’s fraudulent accounting practice, it should have reported them to SEC instead of conniving to hide

Experimental Research Essay Example for Free

Experimental Research Essay I have chosen to describe the study to be performed by the pharmaceutical company that wants to test a new sleep aid. Before they engage in human studies the researchers must determine what they want to prove exactly. Since the goal of the drug is to promote better sleep habits, the hypothesis for this study would be that individuals taking this new aid will fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer than they did before they started taking the drug. Randomization of the subjects involved in the study is important in order for the results of the variable to be accurate when measured, however there are some ethical considerations that must be addressed first. Since the controlled sleep aid is a drug and with any drug there may be certain side effects, individuals under the age of 18 are not permitted to participate in the trial. Those individuals over the age of 18 who are signed up to participate in the sleep study were given an extensive medical background check to make sure they were not allergic to any medications that might be found in the drug. They were also provided with all the information on the drug including possible side effects and dependency. Once all the prerequisites are met the group of 20 participants varying in weight, age, gender, and nationality are randomly divided into two groups of 10. One group will be a controlled group meaning they will be observed sleeping as they normally would and the other group is the treatment group and will be taking the sleep aid in a normally prescribed dose. Both groups, however, will be given a supplement every night at bedtime in order to achieve experimental realism. Neither group is aware that any placebo is involved. The study will last a total of two weeks, during the first week both groups are placed in similar dorms and are observed sleeping every night without the help of any medications. This not only allows time for the subjects to become acclimated to their new surroundings, it also gives researchers a point of reference as to how the subjects slept before starting on the medication. Every morning the time it took them to fall asleep and the length of time that they slept is documented for each individual and at the end of the first week they are given a survey of how well they think they slept and if these sleep habits compare to their normal sleep habits at home. Administration of the medication begins at the beginning of the second week. The treatment group receives the drug and the control group receives placebo. They are observed for another week under the same conditions, in the same dorm and documented the same way. At the end of the second week they are asked to take the same survey and give their opinion of the drug. All data from both groups is collected and the results from each group is compared to see if the drug made a positive and significant difference on the sleep the individuals received while they we on it. The first step in finding out the results of the trial is to measure the sleep of the individuals with no medication and compare the results to the sleep they received during the second week. Then they compared that data to the sleep those individuals on placebo received. The results showed that those individuals on placebo complained that they did not sleep any better or worse on the drug. The treatment group showed longer periods of sleep while on the drug and only complained of a little grogginess in the morning. There was no change however in the time it took either group to fall asleep on or off the drug. The results of the sleep study indicate that while individuals did experience longer periods of sleep, the drug did not aid them in falling sleep faster whatsoever. Therefore only half of the hypothesis proved true based on the outcome of the trial.

Rhetorical Analysis of President Roosevelts Pearl Harbor Speech

â€Å"Yesterday, December 7th, 1941- a date which will live in infamy- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan† (1). These are the words Franklin Delano Roosevelt chose to begin his Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation the day after Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan. FDR’s speech was a call to arms, and in his speech he expressed outrage towards Japan and confidence in inevitable triumph. The speech was a request to declare war against Japan and to bring the United States into World War II. FDR’s speech was successful in bringing the United States into World War II because FDR presented facts explaining why war needed to be declared and used righteous indignation to give the nation a sense of pride and hope by letting them know everything would be done to ensure the nation’s safety. On December 7, 1941 the U.S. naval base was subject to an attack that was one of the greatest military surprises in the history of warfare. On December 8, 1941, the day after the attack was made on Pearl Harbor by Japan, FDR delivered his speech to the Congress of the United States. He explained how the United States was suddenly attacked by the Empire of Japan. He explained how the attacks had to have been planned weeks in advance, but during that time Japan acted as if they were making peace with the United States. Roosevelt reported the damages and losses that the nation suffered due to the attacks. He explained what actions would be taken to defend the country, and what they would do to ensure this would never happen again. The purpose of his speech was to request Congress to declare war against Japan while displaying the confidence to assure the nation that event... ...made the country want to fight back, but he also used the right words to give America hope. Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation was successful because he declared war on Japan without instilling too much fear on the nation. Entering a war can put thoughts of panic or fear into people’s minds, but the President wanted the nation to know that measures needed to be taken to ensure safety. He let the nation know that a war would be declared because the attack on Pearl Harbor was deliberate, it caused severe damage, and it put our nation in grave danger. The President made his speech successful by using a combination of logic and emotions to persuade his audience. Through FDR’s speech he wanted to make it clear on why we were entering the war, and he wanted to give our nation a feeling of hope in a time when the country was in jeopardy.

A person whom I admire

There are so many heroes in this world, from cartoon heroes to, maybe, your life saver. But I am going to talk about my friend. She died when we were 6; she was my best friend and only person I knew at that age. Her death made me miserable and sometimes thought of following her to be with her. But I had my family support and became to realize that there was nothing for me to do. No one told me how and why she died and I still don't know. She was always bright and that's why it is more upsetting. Before I met her I didn't know anyone and anything. I just went to the nursery school and sat there doing nothing and came back home. I didn't have any friends and I always looked angry. I was shy and not talkative; everyone thought I was a loser and some kind of freak. I had to move to another nursery because we were moving house. When I first went to the new nursery everyone was nice to me. I guess that was because they didn't know me. On the way home I found out that she was leaving near to my house. We gradually became to know each other and eventually we were best friends. She was very forward and that's why we connected. We were completely the opposite. Being with her always made me happy, she made me laugh and we had fun together. It was not long after that when she died. I remember the day when the accident happened. It was in the afternoon, I was just having my lunch when the phone rang. It was Saturday so I didn't have to go to the kindergarten. As I was finishing my lunch my mum came in and sat next to me. Because I was young I didn't know. She told me that my best friend just died. I refused to believe her, because it didn't seem real. I saw her yesterday the day before and I was going to see her that evening. It was so hard to get over it; I was so shocked I couldn't even cry. I didn't go to anywhere and sat on the sofa watching TV all day. Now I look back I don't even remember what I was doing and what I was watching. I was lost and couldn't find the way back. We were asked to go to her funeral but I didn't go. I became ill and unhealthy. It was a year after that I came to my senses. I was actually going to a proper school and I didn't want to become my old self, no friends, known as a loser and especially I didn't want to be by myself. So I pretended, I pretended to be her. Everyone liked her and I wanted to be liked and have friends. I started a new life. She wasn't in my new life but she was in me. It would have been better if she didn't die but if she didn't I wouldn't have changed. It is so unfair and unfortunate that she died because she was loved by so many people and she will be remembered by all those who knew her. Her death woke me up to reality and made me into a human being and a person who I am now. I decided to write about my best friend because she was the person who was able to change me into a completely different person. I am thankful that I met her and she was in my life. I am over her death and I miss her occasionally. I prefer not to talk about her often because it takes me back to my old memories which I would rather forget.

Modern Family Therapy Gregory Bateson s Work With...

Modern family therapy was seeded by Gregory Bateson’s work with communication therapy. The Bateson Project members were particularly interested in communications systems. The application of cybernetics to communication, and the framework of general systems theory led his group to essentially begin family therapy. Communication was (and is) an easily detected gauge of interpersonal relationships; communication is relayed in all interpersonal transactions. It is, however, not always verbal. Furthermore, communication can be constructive or destructive. As Paul Watzlawick, a member of Bateson’s camp determined: one cannot not communicate. The presence of indirect communication is crucial for therapists to recognize, analyze, and often, address. Family counseling, indeed, all counseling, involves emotional communication, and being cognizant of this hidden level of communication can often cut to the heart of presenting issues. Bateson stated in 1951 that all communication has two levels. These levels are the report function, and the command function (Nichols, 2013). A report is overt and implicit-it tells the listener some information; the second is covert, and implies some sort of action is expected to be taken. This second message is known as metacommunication; meaning it relays a message about a message. Further application of system theory to communication involved the idea that families are governed by family rules and maintained homeostasis within the family via positiveShow MoreRelatedComparing the Epistemologies Governing the First and Second Order Cybernetic Approaches6964 Words   |  28 Pagescybernetic approaches in terms of the following: 1. How is reality seen by each specific approach? 2. What does the diagnostic systems of each specific approach look like? 3. How does each specific approach deal with therapy? 4. What are the specific skills required by each approach? 5. How is the role and function of the therapist in each specific approach? 6. What would research look like from the point of view of each specificRead MoreNeuro Linguistic Programming1623 Words   |  7 Pagessensing feelings. NLP can be used in psychotherapy but also in many other fields such as management, sales, marketing, public relations, education, therapy, the military and police, sport, and personal development. History of Neuro Linguistic Programming Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) was first developed in the U.S. in the early 1970s from studying the thinking and behavioral skills used by particularly effective and successful people. It is the way of organizing and understandingRead MoreCounseling Project : Narrative Therapy With Charlie2979 Words   |  12 PagesCounseling Project: Narrative Therapy with Charlie Liberty University Taylor Finley â€Æ' Abstract This paper looks at the case study of Charlie and how his individual case would be conceptualized and treated with a Narrative Therapy approach. This adult male is seeking treatment for his angry issues that cause him to put down his friends and family to avoid dealing with his own problems, his excessive drinking which he uses to temporarily forget the pain and anger he possesses, and his addiction to